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The Most Famous March of the 20th Century

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Contrary to what history has portrayed over the years, the 1963 March on Washington for Jobs and Freedom was not organized by Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. It was the brainchild of A. Philip Randolph, the organizer of the Pullman Porters Union.

In December 1962, Randolph called out the Black leaders of organizations: Roy Wilkins of the NAACP, Whitney Young of the Urban League, Dr. King of the Southern Christian Leadership Conference, John Lewis from the Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee, and James Farmer from the Congress on Racial Equality to a meeting in his Harlem, New York office. All of these leaders were important for what Randolph wanted to accomplish. But the most important individual at the meeting belonged to no particular organization, Bayard Rustin.

Randolph suggested to the men that Black America needed to make a statement regarding the failure of this country to live up to the promises of the Declaration of Independence and the Constitution. He chose 1963, the centennial year of President Abraham Lincoln’s Emancipation Proclamation, as the appropriate time to unite in a march on the nation’s capital. He also told the attendees at that meeting the only person capable of organizing such a meeting was Rustin.

Initially, there was opposition from the leaders to the suggestion that Rustin lead the charge and be the out-front person for the march. Opposition was because, in 1952, Rustin had been arrested in Pasadena, Calif., for engaging in sex in the back seat of a convertible with two other men. Randolph was very much aware of Rustin’s past discretion but still insisted that he be the one to make the march a success. His compromise with the others was that he would be the person whose name would be most associated with organizing the march, but Rustin would be the organizer. The other leaders accepted that arrangement and Rustin, working day and night with a Harlem staff, organized what has become known as one of the most significant marches in the country’s history.

Another problem they confronted was that they failed to include a Black woman as one of the speakers at the march. Randolph immediately contacted Myrlie Evers to be a participant, but she couldn’t make it. Daisy Bates rose to the occasion and became one of the speakers. She’s famous for her work with the NAACP in Little Rock, Arkansas, with the nine students that integrated Central High School in 1957.
Over 250,000 people gathered at the Lincoln Monument, including Harry Belafonte, Sydney Portier, James Baldwin, Josephine Baker, Ossie and Ruby Davis, Lena Horne, Burt Lancaster, Charlton Heston and Marlon Brando, with many other celebrities in attendance. None of the speakers wanted to follow Dr. King to the microphone, and for good reason. His famous “I Have a Dream” sequence from his speech lit up the crowd and is now considered one of the greatest speeches in the country’s history.

No one can argue that the March on Washington was a pivotal event for the Black community in the United States. Since this legacy event, the Civil Rights Act was passed in 1964 and the Voting Rights Act in 1965 was passed, with more than three-quarters of the House and Senate supporting both Acts. Dr. King continued campaigning for jobs, peace, and justice while helping organize the march from Selma to Montgomery in 1965. Sadly, this march was also referred to as Bloody Sunday, given that protesters were attacked and killed while crossing the Edmund Pettus Bridge. Furthermore, while not saying reparations, Dr. King advocated that “compensation” was the only way to close the economic gap between Black Americans and the white community.

Before he died, Dr. King was organizing the Poor People’s Campaign to bring thousands of people to Washington, D.C. The purpose was to bring attention to the federal government’s disparities in housing, education, health, and other poverty-related areas. Although he was murdered in 1968, the Poor People’s Campaign still occurred.

The goals of the March still reign today in the 21st century, whereby Black Americans are still being denied employment rights, civil rights, civil liberties, voting rights, political repression, and enduring police brutality. Black Americans continue to navigate post- and modern-day Jim Crow laws while pushing for equity and equality. They still experience social, economic, and political repression in the public and private sectors. Therefore, the marches continue!

Million Man March (October 16, 1995). The Million Man March was a large gathering and demonstration that took place in Washington, D.C. Organized by the Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan, the march’s purpose was to address issues affecting the Black American community in the United States, such as social and economic inequalities, racial discrimination, and other social injustices. The event attracted Black men nationwide, some women and other supporters. The themes from that march included unity, self-improvement, economic empowerment, positive change, and responsibility within the Black community. This 1995 event still garners discussions and analyses within the context of civil rights, social justice movements, and the ongoing struggle for equality in the United States.

Black Lives Matter (BLM) originated in the United States with a focus on addressing systemic racism, police brutality, as well as health and social injustice against Black individuals and communities. The organization gained prominence after Trayvon Martin’s killer was acquitted in 2013 and escalated more after the deaths of Michael Brown, Eric Garner, Freddie Gray, and others at the hands of police officers. In May 2020, the largest racial injustice BLM protest emerged and pushed the movement beyond the United States after the murder of George Floyd in Minneapolis. Witnessed by many across the globe via social media, his death symbolized intolerance and injustice.

From the March on Washington in 1963 to present-day marches, there continues to be a need to mobilize around threats to voting rights, prejudicial technology, healthcare, housing, affirmative action, education, and so much more. However, given the use of social media to rally support against the murder of George Floyd, the marches will continue…just organized differently. The legacy of the March on Washington will continue until equity and equality are served.

Black Life Texas

Welcome to Earth: The Black Community’s Connection with Aliens

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What do Black folks say when they see an alien or UFO – Nope!
Like the movie with the same name, most Black people are like, “Not Today. This is not happening here.” But extraterrestrial phenomena has been in the Black community for centuries. Researchers have studied the Dogon tribe in West Africa because of their expert knowledge of the Sirius A and Sirius B star systems that they claim were taught to their ancestors by extraterrestrials. Interestingly enough, Sirius B could not have been visible with the technology the Dogon people had.

Betty and Barney Hill, an interracial couple, made headlines in the 1960s when their story of being abducted by aliens seemed plausible and it was one of the first documented cases.
Before the funky band Parliament dropped the “Mothership Connection” in 1975, the Nation of Islam had the “longest-lasting Muslim UFO movement,” according to Historian Jörg Matthias Determann in his book “Islam, Science Fiction and Extraterrestrial Life: The Culture of Astrobiology in the Muslim World.”
He said the Islamic religion has generally supported the idea of extraterrestrial life. For example, the Nation of Islam leader Elijah Muhammad taught his followers about a UFO called the Mother Wheel or Mother Plane, based in part on a biblical passage from the book of Ezekiel. And Nation of Islam leader Louis Farrakhan later claimed he was taken aboard a UFO during a 1985 trip to Mexico, where he met Elijah Muhammad, who had been cured of his ailments by the aliens on board.

Even King T’Challa, aka “Black Panther,” battled aliens as one of Marvel’s Avengers. Sorry, we had to pay homage to Chadwick Bozeman since he brought Black superheroes to life. But wait, we can’t forget Actor Will Smith. Before he was slapping Chris Rock at the Oscars, he was using his Ali-boxing skills to save humankind from aliens in the “Men in Black” series.
For real, though – the recent media headlines of UFO sightings and the bipartisan congressional hearings on UAPs (unidentified anomalous phenomena) can no longer be ignored as just sci-fi or a bunch of bologna.

NASA recently announced it has formed a team of experts to create a strategy to evaluate UAPs better. And lawmakers in Mexico also recently heard testimony suggesting aliens might exist. This past July, a former U.S. Air Force intelligence officer claimed the U.S. has probably been aware of “non-human” activity since the 1930s. This recent whistleblower makes the stories of Bob Lazar, another alien whistleblower with a questionable past, seem more interesting now.

Does the government want us to open our minds to UFOs? And if so, why? Understandably, many African Americans don’t believe or talk about the phenomenon. We are still trying to deal with the aftermath of slavery and institutional racism. And the Black community is rightfully distrustful of the government. The Tuskegee Experiment is still talked about in many circles in which the government intentionally gave Black men syphilis in the 1930s for a clinical study.

The Benefit of Fear
President Ronald Reagan said in 1987 at the United Nations podium, “I occasionally think how quickly our differences worldwide would vanish if we were facing an alien threat from outside this world.”
At the Congressional hearings this past summer, the latest whistleblowers talked about secret projects conducted by private contractors and how the government has alien technology. Unlike whistleblower, Bob Lazar, these new witnesses came with a slew of government credentials that could be verified. They shared how UAPs or the Tic Tac-like flying objects can fly or out-maneuver any plane on this planet. The witnesses also alluded that these UAPs could threaten military bases and commercial airplanes.
However, this type of language influences fear against a common enemy, and war makes some countries rich. We saw this happen in Iraq, where we mistakenly attacked due to Weapons of Mass Destruction. This same scenario played out in the Vietnam War, which destroyed more lives than it saved. It doesn’t seem smart to face an enemy that can easily travel between planets when we can’t unite the world to fix our own planet.

Fear among the masses is also needed to keep our institutions intact – oil is king, and reducing our reliance on this commodity in exchange for clean energy would bankrupt many companies. Uncovering alien life also throws a big Parliament “Atomic Dog” attack on religion. The Vatican has Catholics on the lockdown in their beliefs, and it takes presidential-like privileges to investigate the Vatican’s underground archives. What secrets are lurking down there?

Other Perspectives
Author and Ancient Civilizations expert Billy Carson recently interviewed Dr. Steven Greer in the “Disclosure” series on the Gaia network. Greer is trying to move the narrative away from fear and to one of uplifting mass consciousness to peace. He leads a project called CE5 – or Closing Encounter of the Fifth Kind (not like the movie) – that encourages people to meditate to make contact with aliens. Of course, he has a lot of skeptics, but he believes the power of contact can lay in people’s own hands versus the web of secrecy from the government. The idea of meditating seems believable. Buddhists have been known to reach deep states of meditation and consciousness and a recent study found they live longer because of their spiritual practices.

Like Billy Carson, who is often on podcasts and YouTube videos about alien life, we have our Black brothers working in this cosmic industry on the front lines. Like Will Smith in “Independence Day,” we are pilots, engineers and scientists.

Reggie Brothers was recently appointed to the 16-member NASA-led UFO study, and he comes from a jaw-dropping background. He’s currently in the private industry, specializing in aerospace, defense, cybersecurity and artificial intelligence. He was also the undersecretary for Science and Technology at the U.S. Department of Homeland Security and as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Research at the Department of Defense.

But wait…we have to throw in some Black Girl Magic. It was the all-Black female team in the 1950s as depicted in the movie “Hidden Figures,” that were the brains behind the U.S. getting to the moon first. NASA’s Katherine Johnson’s mathematical calculations helped Astronaut John Glenn make a monumental space mission. In 2015, at the age of 97, President Barack Obama awarded her the Presidential Medal of Freedom.

Whichever narrative you think is more likely – fear or peace – the mountain of evidence points to the fact that we must recognize we are no longer alone. As Will Smith said in “Independence Day,” “Welcome to Earth.”

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Black Life Texas

Hispanic Heritage Month

Must include: Afro-Mexican, Afro Hispanic, Afro-Latinos, Afro-Hondurans, etc

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Hispanic Heritage Month has an African component. Some people are Afro-Apache, Afro-Mexican, Afro-Latinx, Afro-Puerto Rican, Afro-Arab, Afro-Latina, Afro-Cuban, Afro-Chileans, Afro-Indian, Afro-Roman, Afro-Costa Rican, Afro-Peruvian, Afro-Colombian, and many others that have been here as communities of color with African ancestry.

They have been marginalized and erased from the historical record and the conversations during Hispanic Heritage Month. What is greatly important is the fact that Mexico had a Black president, Vicente Guerrero, who abolished slavery during the Diez Y Seis (September 16, 1829 is Mexico’s Independence Day from colonial Spain) celebrations. This makes that day a celebration for Mexicans or Hispanics and for Black people everywhere. Before 1829, Mexico had a slave system. Hispanic Heritage is beginning to reveal the “Third Root’’ of their historical ancestry.

When Black leader Guerrero campaigned for president in 1828, he had to fight the lighter-skinned Mexican elite focused on maintaining a system of white supremacy in Mexico. Mexican conservatives launched campaigns against Guerrero, who labeled him “the black,” to prevent him from winning the election. Before Guerrero could abolish slavery, he faced a Spanish invasion at Tampico, Mexico. Santa Anna, the governor of Vera Cruz, at the time, a place with a large Black population, led a largely Black and mulatto army, along with Mexican soldiers, to force surrender on September 11, 1829. Hence, Santa Anna saved Guerrero’s presidency, which would eventually allow Guerrero to abolish slavery a few days later and during the Diez y Seis celebrations. Unknown to many, Diez y Seis is also a Black celebration long forgotten.

Many individuals born in Texas with Hispanic last names were erroneously labeled “white” on birth certificates to create a buffer group separating Blacks and whites while treating Latinos as second-class citizens. The label “white” was ruled not applicable to Mexican Americans in the Supreme Court case of Hernandez vs. Texas in 1954. Dark and light-skinned Hispanics were labeled “white” on birth certificates even though they were partly African, Spanish, and Native American. This was also done to divide and conquer people who had a common enemy in white supremacy. The Spanish kept birth records in Mexico, in the CASTA system, which revealed who had African ancestry. The Spanish had two different birth certificate books, one identifying who was supposedly “white” and one identifying those mixed with Native and African ancestry. The Spanish could erase African heritage by using policies encouraging people to marry lighter-skinned people. After centuries of this, they hoped to erase the physical features of Africans from the genetic pool.

Black people in Mexico were treated differently, but several big differences did exist because the ultimate aim of Spanish slavery was to make Black people disappear historically and physically. Black people in Mexico could attain freedom in court actions, and the children of slaves were often freed. In America, Black people would always be Black and never completely be accepted into American life. However, Mexican authorities created names based on the lightness or darkness of skin color. On birth certificates were names of Black children that described a certain skin color or physical appearance based on stereotypes. The racist term mulatto was used in a very ugly way since mulatto means mule, and Black people were said to have full lips like these animals.

Many with Hispanic surnames were labeled “white” to erase Native American and Black ancestry. Before 1829, Arabic ancestry was also erased in Spain. When the Moors, Black and Brown Islamic North African people, conquered Spain in 700 AD, they brought Arabic customs, language, and religious beliefs. The Moors were essentially Black, Berber, and Arab, and after they were defeated in 1492, their Mosques and literature were burned. Last names like Medina, Alvarez, Gonzalez, and others are Arabic in origin and not Spanish, as are many words in Spanish. The word for rice in Spanish, “arroz,” is actually Arabic-Moorish and not Spanish. Whenever a name or word ends with “ez” or starts with “Al,” as in Algebra, the root is Arabic. Algebra was invented by Arabs, and the “Al” refers to Allah (God). Spanish heritage also includes Moorish architecture. The domed roofs of Spanish missions and modern-day Catholic churches result from Moorish North African design. After the Moors are defeated, there is a concerted effort to deny Black Moorish ancestry. Islamic books and mosques are burned. Spanish surnames that would indicate a Black or Moorish ancestry were Hispanicized.

The names of Moreno, Mora, Morales, Prieto, Negrete, and hundreds of others indicate an Arab or Black origin because of the Spanish slave trade and the hatred against the dark-skinned people.

Despite this historical erasure, significant changes are taking place as some universities are incorporating Afro-Hispanic history into the curriculum of Mexican-American Studies programs. Mexico was the landing point for thousands of African slaves who inhabited coastal areas during Spanish exploration and before the arrival of the Canary Islanders in San Antonio. In fact, Mexico had the largest number of Africans that came to the Americas. According to historian Phillip Tucker (2017), “By 1830, Mexico possessed more than 600,000 mulattos, people of Spanish and African blood, among its population . . . Mexico contained the largest free Black population less than a quarter century before the Texas Revolution.”

According to Dr. Henry Louis Gates, in Life Upon These Shores (2013), during the Atlantic slave trade, some 550,000 Black slaves were transported to México. Additionally, according to primary source documents, 34 of the original Canary Islander settlers of San Antonio can be identified as Black or Moorish. Hispanic Heritage celebrations must address this new understanding of history.

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Black Life Texas

Hidden Sugars Served Up to Kids

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To reduce childhood obesity, the USDA recently held a comment request this past February for feedback on its proposal to revise long-term school nutrition standards, which includes less added sugars in school lunch and breakfast programs.

They proposed two alternatives: Beginning in the school year 2025-26, allow flavored milk (fat-free and low-fat) at school lunch and breakfast for high school children (grades 9-12) only. Elementary and middle school children (K-8) would be limited to fat-free and/or low-fat unflavored milk. The other alternative is to maintain the current standard, which allows all schools to offer fat-free and low-fat milk, flavored and unflavored, at school lunch and breakfast. 

With over 14 million kids considered obese in the U.S., every little bit helps. For example, most elementary and middle schools offer fat-free chocolate milk. The 8-ounce carton contains about 18 grams of sugar. According to the American Academy of Pediatrics, children ages 2-18 should have a maximum of 6 teaspoons or 25 grams of sugar daily.

A recent analysis of USDA’s School Nutrition and Meal Cost Study data found that flavored milk is the leading source of added sugars in the school lunch and breakfast programs, contributing almost half of the added sugars in lunches and about 30% of the added sugars in breakfasts.

The proposal states, “This approach would reduce exposure to added sugars and promote the more nutrient-dense choice of unflavored milk for young children when their tastes are being formed.”

The American Academy of Pediatrics says there are so many foods often marketed as “healthy” for kids and families that are unfortunately not great for maintaining a healthy weight or overall health.

Top Foods with Hidden Sugars:

  • Sports drinks and energy drinks
  • 100% juice drinks 
  • Breads and cereals
  • Yogurts and flavored milks
  • Most breakfast foods (cereals, pancakes, waffles, croissants)
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